EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Waving somebody through a traffic forms part of gestures in communication, the use of gesture diligently forms part of almost 60 % of effective communication because people use most of the body parts as more as words to communicate effectively. The use of gesture varies depending on culture and class within the society. Therefore, as in the above case, when the respondent turns and takes action through positive response towards an expressive interest of the sender, then effective communication said to have taken place. Besides, it is the belief between the two parties who are engaged in the communication process to point out whether the information has been rightfully communicated. Ultimately, the effectiveness of communication by waving out someone in traffic is, therefore, depended on positive action or reaction of the respondent. If there is no positive action then, it is deemed ineffective (Kopp and Wachsmuth171) Kopp, Stefan and Wachsmuth, Ipke. Gesture in embodied communication and human-computer interaction: 8th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2009, Bielefeld, Germany, February 25-27, 2009; revised selected papers. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

Tourism Country Analysis-Germany Essay Example for Free

Tourism Country Analysis-Germany Essay Introduction Germany is a country with astounding diversity with one of the richest historical heritage in the world, standing out as one of the tourist attraction features. Germany is the most centrally placed in Europe among all the European countries. It has a history of a disunited nation having distinct states and tribes. For this reason, Germany more that any other European nation bears different names depending on the language used. For example it is called Deutschland within Germany; in French it is called ‘Allemagne’ and ‘Niemcy’ in Polish. (Country profile) On October 3rd 1990, Western Germany was unified with the German Democratic Republic. The leaving standards in the latter could not march those ones of the former; it has been a major challenge to do this because of the inherent industrial enterprise inefficiencies that characterized the German Democratic Republic. Another major factor that has posed challenges include the difficulty in East Germany of resolving property ownership and the lack of infrastructure and the environmental degradation that occurred during the communist rule. (Berghahn V. R. 1987) The extremist violence especially from the political right that is usually witnessed in East Germany is always related to the economic uncertainty in this region. Most times the violence is directed towards foreigners and in particular non-Europeans. (Berghahn V. R. 1987) Politics Germany is considered to be a Federal, Parliamentary, and representative democratic Republic. The ‘Grundgestz’ or the Basic Law is the framework that was laid down in 1949 that guides the German political system up to today. For any amendments to take place in the Grundgestz, a two-thirds majority in Parliament is required. (Country profile) The Chancellor heads the Government and the position is currently held by Angela Merkel and she exercises executive powers that are similar to a Prime Minister’s. Parliament that consists of the Bundestag and Bundesrat (Federal Council) is vested with Federal legislative Powers. Members of the Bundestag are elected directly and members in the Bundesrat represent the governments of the 16 states. These members are appointed by the state cabinet, which possesses the power to remove them any time. (Country profile) The Christian Democratic Party Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany are the dominating parties since 1949. However there’s existence of other smaller parties, which include the Free Democratic Party and the Alliance 90/ The Greens (Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union). The President of Germany also doubles up as the Head of State and is normally elected by the Federal Convention (Bundesversammlung), which is the institution made up of members of the Bundestage and some members of the State delegate. The President of the Bundestag is the second highest official and the Bundestag itself elects him/her. His/her responsibilities include the overseeing of the body’s daily sessions. The Chancellor on the other hand doubles up as the head of Government and is the third highest official who is nominated by the Germany President and then is elected by the Bundestag. A constructive motion of no confidence by the Bundestag is what is necessary to remove the Chancellor.( Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union) Economy In Europe, Germany’s National Economy is the largest. It is ranked the third largest in the world by nominal GDP, but ranked fifth in regards to gross domestic product. As per 2006 statistics, the average growth stands at 2.8% per annum. Germany has been renowned world over since the industrial age as one of the best motor innovators and has greatly benefited from the globalized world economy. (Berghahn V. R, 1987) One of its major drivers of its export economy is the trademark â€Å"Made in Germany,† which the world has continuously associated with sturdiness and durability. This has turned out the country to be the world’s top exporter with the export figures as at 2006 standing at $ 1.133 trillion generating a trade surplus of approximately â‚ ¬165 billion. 70% of its total GDP is generated by the service sector with 29.1% contributed by the industrial sector and agriculture falling behind with about 0.9%. (Berghahn V. R, 1987) Germany’s automobiles, machinery, metals, and chemical goods contribute greatly to the export portfolio. In solar and wind turbine technology, Germany leads the world (Global Wind Energy Market ).   Amongst its most popular brands include Siemens, Mercedes Benz, BMW, Audi, Volkswagen, Porsche, and Nivea among others. Germany uses the common market currency the Euro and the country stands out as a major advocate for the European Union. Society (People and Culture) The majority German population is made up inhabitants of ethnic Germans and over 7 million foreigners. Majority of the foreigners are made up of the so called â€Å"guest workers† who were mostly Turkish workers, who in the 1950s and 60s were invited to fill in for the labor shortages, Germany thus has quite a good number of ethnic Turks. Many political and economic refugees from the world over especially the developing world choose Germany as a prime destination. (Country profile) Germany boasts of having one of the world’s highest levels of education with exquisite technological advancement coupled with an unrivaled economic productivity. University enrolment has steadily risen and has more than tripled since World War II; the trade and technical schools that are sponsored by the Federal Republic of Germany support the universities. The majority of the population is made up of the middle class with a per capita income standing at $ 28,700, this is combined with a comprehensive social welfare system that caters for the universal medical care and unemployment care besides other social needs. (Berghahn V. R, 1987) Culturally Germany is usually called â€Å"the land of poets and thinkers† (Wasser J. 2006). Religious and secular currents that have taken place in Europe for a long time have continuously shaped the German culture. One of the most famous German classical music composers is Ludwig Van Beethoven (Wasser J. 2006). Geography The geography of Germany is rich and diverse ranging from the high Alps in the South, the Bavarian plain, and the flowing hills of central Germany to the coast of the North and Baltic Sea. This makes the country’s countryside scenery worth visiting, â€Å"it all looks like a miniature train landscape packed with the nicest of old towns, medieval houses, gothic churches and small villages; its exotic!† (Country profile) Global Position Germany has continued to play a very important role in the formation and the continued strengthening of the European Union and has continued to cultivate a very close relationship with France. One of Germany’s closest allies has been the U.S, whose help was quite invaluable during the 1948 Marshall Plan to rebuild Germany after World War II. Ties with America have gone to other areas like trade where a more balanced trade relationship has continued to flourish. (Country profile) REFERENCES Berghahn, Volker Rolf. (1987) Modern Germany: Society, Economy, and Politics in the 20th Century. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union: Retrieved on 6th March 2008 from U.S. Library of Congress:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ,   Global Wind Energy Market 2006-2011, Retrieved on 6th   March 2008 from www.windtech-international.com: Wasser, Jeremy. (2006) Spà ¤tzle Westerns Spiegel Online International: Retrieved on 6th March 2008 Country profile: Germany: Retrieved on 6th March 2008 from   http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1047864.stm:

I Believe: A Code Of Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

I Believe: A Code of Ethics by PHIL 301 Fall Semester, 1996 I believe in the power of Mind... I believe pitchers should bat... I believe Oswald was a patsy... I believe everything is a conspiracy... I believe that people are responsible for their own actions... I believe that The Who is the greatest rock band of all time... I believe in tolerance... I believe in capitalism... I believe we are who we want to be... I believe in choice... I believe in love... I believe that Bert and Ernie are televisions first gay couple... I believe that the 1979 Orioles were robbed... I believe that people who say they like Indian food are just trying to be cool... I believe that people get the kind of government they deserve... I believe in the power of having no god... I believe I can fly... I believe that Barney is the purple Messiah... I believe that the bible was a novel, written for profit... I believe in the mother ship... I believe the Mona Lisa was framed... I believe in Pez... I believe Darwin... I believe in beauty... I believe we have the worst justice system in the world with the exception of every other system... I believe in Wally and the Beaver... I believe I didn't learn anything in kindergarten... I believe we are all in this together... I believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day... I believe the ozone layer is just fine... I believe in dedication... I believe my daughter is a prodigy... I believe that Kathy Lee is the Anti-Christ... I believe my dad can still beat me at arm wrestling... I believe I wouldn't want to beat him... I believe you shouldn't believe everything you breath... I believe in the power of love to warp mens minds and make men great... I believe in Santa Claus, the Tooth Fairy and the seventh inning stretch... I believe in me... I believe I'm done now...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Developing a code of ethics is the most important thing a person can do. Such a code is necessary for humans because of our capacity to reason. Our ability to apply rational thought to the conduct of our lives is what makes mankind more than just an animal with an interesting thumb. These rational thoughts could very easily lead us to terrible acts, for what is in our best interest is often harmful to others. However there is another ability, peculiar to humans alone, that keeps most of us on the right path. Our ability to know what ... ...assless. And it is not susceptible to the fickle human idea of physical beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But how to know if a law is just? If it serves to protect, promote and respect the human Mind. If a law or an act works against the cause of Mind than it is unjust. Such laws must not be obeyed and indeed must be worked against. But how is one to know the extent of such civil disobedience? In my case, the answer is found in rule number one. So long as I do not put my family at risk of losing a husband and father, justice must be served. It is through this kind of meshing of the four rules that ethical quandaries can be answered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Noticeably, the rules of the code, while existing to serve the cause of good and avoid evil, do not make it clear how to know which is which. There is no specific rule that gives a clear definition of what is good and what is evil. This is because the rules, when properly applied to an ethical problem, will lead to the action that is good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So then what is good? What is evil? Good is somewhat easier to define in that it is directly related to the last three rules of the code. An act which s

Personal Narrative: My Hero :: Narrative Essay Hero Role Model

Dr. D is a cardiothoracic surgeon. He was my hero. He may well still be, even though he is a throw-back to the days when I was more concerned about science than symbolism. They say in the Chinese proverbs that "if you don't change direction you will end up where you are going." I have come to believe that this is true, and that most of the time we didn't want to go where we were headed anyway. New paths that come to fruition, "digressions" that become the assertions you are trying to make, aren't really digressions at all. They are, instead, the appearance of your "whole point" (Elbow 10). I don't know what my point is, really. Maybe I am waiting for a brilliant digression. It is a digression that brought me to this crazy craft of writing in the first place. I can tell you that Dr. D is a pioneer in the field of heart surgery. His work saw the first artificial heart from the drawing board to the operating table. I can tell you facts because I actually looked them up for a high school English paper back in the day when papers weren't about insight, but rather people and places and all those objective matters. I wrote to Dr. D and got a form letter and a whole bunch of information about his life and trials that they send to other freaks who want to be cardiothoracic surgeons at one point or another. I still have that information somewhere, tucked away with the caduceus my brother bought me when I graduated from high school and entered college as a pre-med student. They say that focusing on "x" will often lead you to discover "y,"which is exactly what happened. While I was toiling all those hours applying to pre-med programs all over the country, I was also spending an hour a day with a woman who was letting me explore the world of words. And as I spent more and more time trying to gain acceptance in a number of pre-med programs, I was making myself more of the writer that eventually abandoned science to be. I was spending all this time writing admissions letters to people telling them why it was essential for me to open up the hearts of the sick and heal them. Now I realize that the heart-sick are not always curable by a new heart or a Dacron tube.

Center for Writing Excellence Scavenger Hunt

Submit your responses to the following questions: (HINT: Refer to the Reference and Citation Examples documdented in the Tutorials and Guides section, as well as the Sample Paper and the Library link. ) If more than one author is listed, must all authors be listed in the citation? Yes Is the author’s full name used in the References page entry? No If no year is listed for an in-text citation, what should be listed? (n. d. ) What is the minimum information needed for an in-text citation? Last name and year What abbreviations are used before page (if listed) in an in-text citation? . or pp. What is used for the author’s name in the in-text citation if the article’s author is not listed as â€Å"anonymous† or at all? Name the group authors On the References page, what words of an article or book title are capitalized? First word, proper nouns, and the first word after colon or dash What U. S. cities do not require a state when listed on the References page? B altimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco Are quotation marks used for titles of articles in the sources listed on the References page? No How is the state abbreviated for the publisher’s location on the References page? The First and Last letter of the state and capitalized Are any sources listed in the References page italicized instead of underlined? Yes If the full title of your essay is â€Å"The Paragraph and You: A Study of Organization,† in how many places of the document would the full title be listed? All pages since under 50 characters How far from the top of the page is the header? Half inch†¦ What is the suggested length of an abstract? What point size is preferred for the font at the University of Phoenix? What is the preferred spacing in a document? Are there any extra spaces between paragraphs of a paper? How are personal interviews or e-mails listed when cited in a paper? Should the Web address for retrieving an article in an electronic database be listed in the reference? How do you get to the Center for Writing Excellence? Here’s something fun—go to the list of common English errors and indicate what the difference is between â€Å"flaunt† and â€Å"flout. Check out the section that provides tips on Microsoft ® software and indicate how you insert headers and footers in a Word ® document. How do you add a button to your Microsoft ® Office ® Toolbar? Category Button Description Edit Replace Allows you to find and replace one bit of text with another. For instance, if you spelled someone’s name â€Å"Charla† throughout your paper and then found out it was really supposed to be â€Å"Sharla,† you could enter these values and the replace tool would change them all for you. View Ruler Turns the ruler on and off. Header and Footer Allows you to enter information into the Header and Footer areas. Fit to Window Stretches your paper to fit the viewing area. Depending on your computer’s screen settings, this sometimes makes things easier to see. Normal Switches to the Normal view. Print Layout Switches to the Print Layout view. Insert Page Break Adds a page break to your paper at the point where your cursor is. Page Number Inserts a page number into your document (useful in the header). Symbol Adds symbols not available on your keyboard. Some useful examples are the em dash (—), the copyright mark ( ©), all of the accented letters you could ever want (Useful if your name is â€Å"Renee†), and several f r a c t i o n s ( ^! ) . F o r m a t A l i g n L e f t L e f t j u s t i f i e s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . C e n t e r C e n t e r s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . A l i g n R i g h t R i g h t j u s t i f i e s t h e t e x t o f w h i c h e v e r p a r a g r a p h y o u r c u r s o r i s i n . D o u b l e Spacing Double-spaces whichever paragraph your cursor is in. How do you add a button to your Microsoft ® Word ® Toolbar for Office 2007? How do you submit a paper to the Center for Writing Excellence? What leeway do you need if your paper is due next class? Factor in a day or two for revisions and then determine the last possible day you can submit the paper for review. What are the three major databases that you can access at the University of Phoenix’s Online Library? How can you obtain assistance in looking for something in the Online Library collection? What is plagiarism? When you are citing a directly quoted, word-for-word source in a paper, do you use quotation marks? Describe the spacing after punctuation the University of Phoenix requires in written assignments. Which fonts are acceptable for use for assignments submitted at the University of Phoenix? If you are stumped by a grammar question and cannot find the answer, where can you go to get an answer?

Just One Question Short Answer Example

Just One Question Short Answer Example Just One Question Short Answer – Article Example April Pain and Leadership Pain can have numerous sources and nature, and many people in pain struggle to cope with it. Pain can come from dissatisfaction with one’s physical appearance, a traumatic experience, loss of loved ones, among many others. Pain can be physical, mental, or psychological in nature. It can be as superficial as waking up very early, or as traumatic as suddenly losing a loved one, or almost being shot by one’s drunk father. It can be something that comes from mental or physical illnesses brought about by genetics or the social environment. Most of these pains cut deep into people’s psychological well-being. They cause stress, lack of confidence, and sometimes, a feeling that life holds no meaning anymore.The lesson for a leadership class is that leaders should be aware that they are leading human beings who have dreams, struggles, and pain. In order to unite them, these leaders must be able to know their members personally enough to discern t heir identity and goals in life. Through this knowledge, they can earn their trust and connect relevant life details and goals to team goals. For example, a person who feels he is always compared to his siblings needs a sense of accomplishment in life and to develop his self-esteem. Leaders can motivate this person by focusing on the importance of achievement and the role of each member in attaining team success. Finally, leaders should be sensitive to people’s pain. It does not mean that they should condone the idea of giving up or having no self-confidence, but they should try, in their own ways, to provide social support to people in pain. Human beings meaningfully connect also to each other by being one another’s sanctuary, in times of painful challenges in their lives.

Critical Thinking Essay Essay Example

Critical Thinking Essay Essay Example Critical Thinking Essay Essay Critical Thinking Essay Essay Essay Topic: Critical Thinking Critical thinking essay example As a result of series of unfortunate events, I may have what it takes to survive in a desert. By looking at the conditions present, the land mass is 400 meters away, with fluctuating currents and sometimes tropical storms that hit the shores are severe. This means that there are minimal chances despite the method one ought to employ that may be used to reach the nearest land mass and join my family. To survive in this desert environment, I have to eliminate some of my mates one by one for the environment to continue supporting my life. Since the environment provides arable land and potable water, I will advise the farmer to plant trees to provide us with shelter as the desert do not have an apparent shelter. However, after the trees grow to adequate heights, I recommend that the farmer should make a canoe and take with him the minister as our spokesman to the nearest land mass to ask for help. The idea here is to reduce the number of people who will be dependent on the environment for survival. Since there are tropical severe storms, currents fluctuating and the land mass is 400 miles away, the carpenter and the minister will not have a chance to survive and reach the closest land mass. Due to the severe storms and fluctuating currents the two might drown to death, reducing the number of individuals depending on the environment to survive. Why is critical thinking important With three mates (the doctor, farmer, and hunter) remaining on the deserted Island, I will now exploit their skills and abilities to survive on the island. The arable land will be enough for the farmer to grow more edible vegetation and perishable food to add onto what the environment provides for us. The arable water will also be sufficient for the farmer to irrigate the edible vegetation and perishable food in cases where the temperature remains high for long periods. This will provide us with enough food to support us for more extended periods. The skills of the hunter will be instrumental in getting the game meat. The hunter is the only individual who can hunt wild game animals as food sources. This will also increase the amount of food that the group needs to survive on the island. Besides, I will also be able to learn hunting skills to fend for myself in case the hunter dies from any infection from edible vegetable or wild animals food. The doctor will also be important in the deserted island. He will use his knowledge to treat in cases of any infections. Finally, the unfortunate events give suggestions of how when faced with difficulties in the environment. It is only the fittest animal that survives in such a harsh environment as all the rest might be wiped out by the environmental constraints. A call for help from outside is, therefore, more challenging and dangerous than finding means of survival on the deserted island. The environment will be able to support three people compared to the five people.

The Rainbow Fish Essays

The Rainbow Fish Essays The Rainbow Fish Paper The Rainbow Fish Paper The Rainbow Fish has lots of dialogue to demonstrate interaction, whereas Rumpus at the Vet has none. Pfister, plays on the readers feelings to make the story emotive. Feelings of, loneliness, selfishness, sadness and happiness play a big part in the story. Whereas the Author used the theme of humour in Rumpus at the Vet to enrapture his audience. The vocabulary in both books is used with children in mind; the words are easy to understand, even though some are difficult to read. Conclusion  The books are very different in many ways. However, in my opinion they are both excellent examples of enchanting texts for children. Both authors capture their audience using contrasting styles of writing. Although both texts were written to be read to children, I feel that older ones could enjoy reading them by themselves, especially Rumpus at the Vet.  I have selected The Rainbow Fish to discuss how I would use this piece of text in the classroom.  The learning objectives that I would use for the lesson are taken from The National Literacy Strategy, Year 2 term 1. Although there are many ways that this text could be used I have chosen these objectives:  Word Level Work  Word recognition, graphic knowledge and spelling:  7 To use word endings e.g. s (plurals) ed (past tense) ing (present tense) to support their reading and spelling. Sentence Level Work  Grammar and punctuation:  2 To find examples in fiction and non-fiction, of words and phrases that link sentences e.g. after, meanwhile, during, before, then, next, after a while.  Text Level Work  Comprehension and Composition:  5- To identify and discuss reasons for events in stories linked to plot.  The learning objectives should be written on the board so that all pupils are aware of them. Furthermore, the teacher should read the objectives out so that all pupils are aware of what they are. The Lesson During the focused word part of the lesson, the teacher would discuss plurals and how they are distinguished. Explaining that when there is more than one object it is called a plural and quite often, we just add ans or es depending on how the word is spelt. The teacher could ask the children to give some examples which she could write on the board for reference, using two columns to see if the children could see any patterns between adding s and es. Then in another column, the children could give examples of verbs, giving their past and present tense. She could then go on to consolidate that words in their root form can have different endings added, according to how many there are, or by their tense. Next, the teacher could go on to explain that she would read The Rainbow fish to the children and they should try to listen out for words that are plurals and have endings to show which tense the story is in. Also during the reading of the story, the teacher would like the children to think about how the story is linked together by using adverbs of time. The teacher could explain that rather than use and then as children quite often do, there are alternatives such as meanwhile, during, after and next. These links make the story more interesting and flow chronologically.

A Profile of a Place.a Town, a Park, a Room, etc Essay

A Profile of a Place.a Town, a Park, a Room, etc - Essay Example During these activities, they learn how to socialize and communicate. Preschools arrange such outdoor activities that help children learn how to use their problem-solving skills and make choices. Children should learn in preschools the basic knowledge base, which should help them in their academics when they go to kindergarten and the following years. The goal of preschools is to make children learn comprehension, make predictions and decisions, solve problems, draw logics, and interrelate images and language. Hence, preschools focus on the cognitive development of children, preparing them for actual academics. They are taught concepts of time management, cleanliness, concentration, and innovation. I have been intrigued by Craig Child’s experiences written in his book ‘The Animal Dialogues: Uncommon Encounters in the Wild’, and thus I wanted to go to an interesting preschool, and record my own experiences as its profile. The preschool had a very warm and cozy envi ronment, ideal for play activities arranged for young kids. There were around 30 kids, one supervisor and two attendants. There were many sorts of play activities available for kids, such as playing with dough, coloring, trading, jigsaw puzzles, toy slides and swings, and many more. Kids could choose whichever activity they wanted to get themselves occupied with. The most interesting element was that there was a pretend kitchen, which was the main focus of the preschoolers. It contained a toy stove and toy cooking utensils which the children loved to play with. The stove was made out of a big box, overturned with knobs and burners, which were marked on it by a marker. There was toy food on the tables, which had been brought there with the main purpose of teaching the children good eating habits. Children were playing with their toy food with great excitement and fun. They were using the apparatus available in the kitchen to wash and sterilize the toy food, as their friends put the f ood in their mouths. In the article, ‘Develop Your Child's Critical Thinking Skills’, it is stated that, â€Å"Encourage independent thinking. Let your child decide (within reason) what is appropriate for them. Give them enough room to make decisions, but also be there in case their plans don't work out† (Roker, par.8). The instructors were giving children opportunities to explore things and bring new ideas. Moreover, there were many table and chair sets for the kids to use. There were maps, colorful carpets, tiny sofas, bright pictures, funny toys like baby dolls, and a baby calendar hanging on the wall. Kids were using all these as their pretend play. They set the tables and chairs, served each other lunch using toy food, and played chefs. Their sense of creativity was astonishing. They were pretending as if they could smell the yummy food they were playing with. There was also some toy cleaning equipment, like toy brooms and mops, so as to develop the sense of cleanliness in the preschoolers. The supervisor was constantly supervising the kids, with active participation in their play activities. Some kids were surrounding her, asking her different questions. All of them seemed to be very interested in art work and a little pet of theirs, a

Criminal law problem question Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal law problem question - Case Study Example . . so as the party wounded, or hurt, et cetera, die of the wound or hurt, et cetera, within a year and a day after the same." In order for Eve to have the actus reus required for murder or manslaughter in the events in question, she must have voluntarily and unlawfully committed an act or omission that caused, with no intervening act or event, the death of Brian, Fred and/or Ginger. Firstly, the act or omission of the accused must have been voluntary (Hill v Baxter). This means that the accused must be 'of sound memory'. For example, if the accused drives their car off the road and hits a pedestrian, killing them, during an epileptic fit, this would make the act involuntary, as the accused was not 'of sound memory'. An involuntary act is also one that is being forced upon the accused. For instance, if a loaded gun is being held to the head of the accused and the person wielding the gun threatens to shoot the accused if he or she does not perform the act, this act is involuntary. The voluntary act committed by the accused must also be unlawful. In the case of murder or manslaughter, justifiable homicide is one committed in self-defence or in the defence of another. Other justifiable homicides exist when the killing was committed in war or in the prevention of the commission of a crime (eg: a police officer shooting a bank robber). Therefore, the voluntary act must have been committed under none of the aforementioned justifiable situations. It needs to be done unlawfully. Most importantly, an act must have been committed. An act is a bodily movement, such as the exertion of energy or force that produces an effect. An act includes an omission in the case of manslaughter. However, an omission can only be considered as part of the actus reus if the accused owed a duty of care to the victim and breached that duty by failing to act. A duty of care may arise in the following cases - when the accused is the carer of a child or dependant; when the accused is the cause of the danger; when the accused has already assumed a responsibility of a duty of care; and, when the accused fails to get medical help. The voluntary, unlawful act must have caused the death of the victim. Causation is a necessary condition for any form of homicide. The element of causation can be deduced using the 'but for test' - 'But for' not having acted, the death would not have occurred (Smith v Hogan). However, the action or omission must not only have contributed to the death but must be a sufficiently substantial and operating cause and have not been interrupted by an intervening act by a third party or event (novus actus interveniens). A novus actus interveniens breaks the chain of causation. When the chain of causation is broken, the accused cannot be held accountable for the death of the victim. However, this novus actus interveniens must not be a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused. Any act or event which is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused does not break the chain of causation. When the above mentioned elements of a crime are satisfied, this constitutes the actus reus for murder (except in the case of omission, when it can only be manslaughter). In the following cases, the victims Brian, Fred and Ginger, are all fatally injured in the course of events that implicate Eve for murder or manslaughter. Brian In order for Eve to have the

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Personal Statement Example I believe that this trait will help me later on in my career and I will have an advantage over so many others. My ability to quickly assess certain situations and then to take the appropriate actions means that I am confident enough to make any hard choices that fall my way. From when I was a young child, my father always remarked how I had leadership qualities and that I could put those to good use someday. My passion is for management and art history, and this is what I would like to pursue further. When I was a small child, I seemed to like drawings on things whenever I had the chance. Also, I was kind of an extrovert person who found fulfillment in leading others to achieve their goals. I guess it was only natural for me to choose this path because these subjects are something that I enjoy and excel at as a person. I have always been a creative person, so art is something that fits nicely with my characteristics. Also, I prefer to lead others rather than follow what someone else is doing. I have already gained considerable knowledge about both of these subjects through study during my spare time, but I would like to think that learning in a more formal setting will increase my understanding further. Management and art history are not normally two subjects that are linked or associated with each other, but I think that I can combine the two by using my strengths. This plan of mine to attend university only after two years in college was put in motion before I had even graduated from high school. The thought occurred to me that I could have gone straight to university after graduating from high school, but I did not feel that it was right for me at the time. Instead, I went to Santa Monica College for two years to try and find some good study habits that would serve me well in the future. The thinking was that I would gain valuable experience at a college where I could express myself more than would be possible at a large university. However, after these last two years at Santa Monica, I now feel that I am ready for the challenges that university will bring. As long as I stay true to my calling, then there is nothing that I will not be able to succeed at. My grades at high school and at college were some of the best in my class. I would like to think that I am a highly motivated person who is willing to face extraordinary challenges to accomplish the goals that I have set out for myself. In the last few years, I have had experience as the president of the prom committee and also as a member of the art decoration club. Outside of this, I have not really achieved too much. This is why I believe that my qualities are well-suited to management and art history. In my opinion, there is no point doing something if it is not something that you enjoy doing. This is not the case for me in either management of art history because these are subjects that fill me both as a person and as a student. Apart from my interest in management and art history , I also enjoy cooking a lot. However, this is something that I feel that I would not want to pursue as a career, and that is why I am not pursuing further education over it. I will never be one of those famous chefs on TV who earns a fortune just from showing other people how to cook. Despite this, I would like to think that my cooking skills are decent enough to help my own family someday when the time

A Journal Review of the American Historical Review Assignment

A Journal Review of the American Historical Review - Assignment Example Since the mid 1995, the journal has had many publications handling issues of global concern. The issues handled depict many developments in different fields. The journals explore the fields of commerce, science, numbers, history and even religion. The journal has had many developments, issues and diversities concerning the occurrences in the world. In February1995, the American review journal handled issues on race, discrimination and racism in the US. Race is an exceedingly sensitive issue that affects many people around the globe. In the US, racism was one of the issues affecting the US. Racism is inequitable treatment directed to people with prejudice on the coloration of their skin. The journal was trying to sensitize the US about the need for treating all people equally. Therefore, the journal served as a revelation to the citizens of the US. In April the 1995, the journal further explored on the issues of gender in Gilberto. It explained that gender did not have to be a basis f or people to treat people with favor. This is because no person chose his gender. During the month of August the 1995, the journal publicized issues on democracy. It explained that all persons and states had the right to democracy .This meant that they could act without fear of intimidation by any person. During the same month, the publication handled the issue of Equality. It insisted that all persons ought to endure fair treatment regardless of their color and origin. As time went by, more publications talking about diverse topics hit the headlines. The publication of February the 1996, spoke about the topic of literature. The publication gave a detailed analysis of literature by explaining about the origin of literature. The origin explained about the history facing the world of literature. The fact that the journal could handle different topics revealed the developments evident in the journal. The journal has developments in handling different matters apart from the ones in its first years of publication. These developments show that the journal keeps abreast with emerging issues in the world. This is meant to show that the world is dynamic and that the issues posted in the American Journal keep changing. Still on the year 1996, the American journal review talked about the reason as to why the Indians were red. This topic touched on the topic of mythology and delusions. The journal criticized the idea that the world was full of misconceptions and that many people were living on a lie. The journal insisted that the Americans were in another century where myths and misconceptions were unheard of. Other topics discussed there after included such things as the issue of missionaries. This was during the 1997 when many missionaries spread across the globe in order to spread the gospel. The missionaries were said to be people who had different objectives. One of the objectives was that they wanted to instill western culture to the people living in the regions tha t they visited. The American review journal discussed the topic of missionary activities with a lot of intensity. The journal also explained that missionaries explored different countries with the aim of paving way for the colonizers. This is because the missionaries brought many developments in the areas that they went to carry out their work. The American review journal of the August 1997 dealt with the issue of imperialism. Imperialism referred to the activities of acquiring territories around the globe.

Managing the software enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing the software enterprise - Essay Example Certain kinds of special configuration management software are also available to do the task in a more effective manner. When a system require software or hardware upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the program of the configuration management and database to see what is presently installed. The technician can then create a more informed decision regarding the upgrade needed. The major benefit of application of a configuration management is that the whole collection of systems can be evaluated to ensure any modification made to one system do not negatively affect any of the other systems. Configuration management is used to help estimate project cost and duration. It provides cost estimating support for the period of the planning and design stages of projects for optimization of the design and studies of value engineering, risk assessment life-cycle and cost analyses. Question 2 is based on a case study of an ERP system that, unlike the ‘Cisco’ case study looked at in the previous TMAs, failed. a. This part of the question relates to the management of resources. (10 marks) Vicro communications is a global provider of products and services that enable industries to communicate through digital and print technologies. As a prominent dealer of document formatted information, data based marketing and print outsourcing, they manufactures and delivers business communication products, Vicro designs, services and solutions to consumers. This case study consists mainly of three resource areas that include technical, human and financial or timescale components. The company undertake over 100 distribution and manufacturing services. About 14,000 employees, spreading over serving 47 countries work for them. It gives a leading edge in IT systems and provides modern solutions that allow firms to adapt to the dynamics of change. â€Å"Vicro is a large company with approximately 2.45 billion in 1999 and 2.26 billion dollars in 2000 revenue† (Tingey, et al. 2003). The relation between BPR and ERP Vicro provides project management, consulting, distribution of high volume and reengineering, customized connections to its customers. It also delivers personalized, simple to read documents planned to help a positive idea on an organization’s clients. The company has become a market leader in organizing critical business communications. It facilitates products and services that contain statement, government noticing, cards, plan member communication, policy holder and database marketing. The main technologies used by the company include mainframe systems to store centralized production data and provide the core functions of the business and client server technologies for growth as well as handling routine daily tasks. These processes mainly include email, web access, file transfer etc. b. This question relates to risk management. (10 marks) i. Risks can be ranked, according to which these must be tackled first when resources are scarce. Generally, risks with high severity and high likelihood of frequent occurrence must be tackled first, and risks with low severity and low frequency need to be accorded lower priority. In this case study, the main risk is organizational risks, which

A Journal Review of the American Historical Review Assignment

A Journal Review of the American Historical Review - Assignment Example Since the mid 1995, the journal has had many publications handling issues of global concern. The issues handled depict many developments in different fields. The journals explore the fields of commerce, science, numbers, history and even religion. The journal has had many developments, issues and diversities concerning the occurrences in the world. In February1995, the American review journal handled issues on race, discrimination and racism in the US. Race is an exceedingly sensitive issue that affects many people around the globe. In the US, racism was one of the issues affecting the US. Racism is inequitable treatment directed to people with prejudice on the coloration of their skin. The journal was trying to sensitize the US about the need for treating all people equally. Therefore, the journal served as a revelation to the citizens of the US. In April the 1995, the journal further explored on the issues of gender in Gilberto. It explained that gender did not have to be a basis f or people to treat people with favor. This is because no person chose his gender. During the month of August the 1995, the journal publicized issues on democracy. It explained that all persons and states had the right to democracy .This meant that they could act without fear of intimidation by any person. During the same month, the publication handled the issue of Equality. It insisted that all persons ought to endure fair treatment regardless of their color and origin. As time went by, more publications talking about diverse topics hit the headlines. The publication of February the 1996, spoke about the topic of literature. The publication gave a detailed analysis of literature by explaining about the origin of literature. The origin explained about the history facing the world of literature. The fact that the journal could handle different topics revealed the developments evident in the journal. The journal has developments in handling different matters apart from the ones in its first years of publication. These developments show that the journal keeps abreast with emerging issues in the world. This is meant to show that the world is dynamic and that the issues posted in the American Journal keep changing. Still on the year 1996, the American journal review talked about the reason as to why the Indians were red. This topic touched on the topic of mythology and delusions. The journal criticized the idea that the world was full of misconceptions and that many people were living on a lie. The journal insisted that the Americans were in another century where myths and misconceptions were unheard of. Other topics discussed there after included such things as the issue of missionaries. This was during the 1997 when many missionaries spread across the globe in order to spread the gospel. The missionaries were said to be people who had different objectives. One of the objectives was that they wanted to instill western culture to the people living in the regions tha t they visited. The American review journal discussed the topic of missionary activities with a lot of intensity. The journal also explained that missionaries explored different countries with the aim of paving way for the colonizers. This is because the missionaries brought many developments in the areas that they went to carry out their work. The American review journal of the August 1997 dealt with the issue of imperialism. Imperialism referred to the activities of acquiring territories around the globe.

The effects of Behaviour Management on Teaching and Learning in Essay

The effects of Behaviour Management on Teaching and Learning in Secondary Education - Essay Example It has been fundamentally inspired by this virtue of behaviour management that it has today emerged as one of the major elements adopted by teachers in the pedagogy education system with the intention of improving the behaviour of learners (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). Notably, as pedagogy deal with young minds which are again attributed with high instability and curiosity, making the learners focused on a particular subject becomes a noteworthy challenge. Hence, teachers can be benefitted by obtaining better control on the behavioural traits of the learners which can assist in motivating the students to enhance their behavioural skills and consequently, build their future career prospects. However, the application of behaviour management initiatives is subjected to various factors among which the learning environment is often argued as one of the most crucial elements (Fields, 2004, p. 4-8). As argued by Rogers (2007, p. 1-27), an effective learning environment needs to be developed with the aim of conveying the rights as well as the responsibilities that are necessary for generating better disciplined school and classroom atmosphere and therefore implementing effective behavioural management strategies. It is in this regard that teachers, when applying the theories of modern pedagogy, attempt to introduce as well as execute certain developing and disciplinary programs for the purpose of motivating the learners to develop behavioural traits, appropriate for their promising future (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). As can be observed, the major objective of behaviour management is to ensure that the learners are able to acquire appropriate qualities and knowledge in accordance with which they will be able to determine the differences between pessimistic and optimistic influencing factors. Along with developing the behavioural skills of learners, it is also essential that the teachers are equipped with effective behavioural factors in order to ensure that they are able to impa rt appropriate educational knowledge and develop their skills successfully to the desired level. Additionally, it has also been often argued that with the help of behavioural management, teachers can develop the perceptions as well as influence the conscience of the learners which can further contribute towards minimising the involvement of those learners in conducting any sort of anti-social activities (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). In other words, with the help of behavioural management, learners’ behavioural traits can be developed in a more responsible as well as conscious way. With this concern, this paper intends to discuss the importance of behaviour management. Moreover, the effects of behaviour management on teaching as well as learning will be taken into concern. In this regard, the effects of behaviour management will be analysed by considering certain important reports like Steer and Taylor Reports among others. Focus of Behaviour Management In the context of education system, behaviour management is often viewed to be an important practice and discipline for the development of positive attitudes, skills and behaviours of students or learners. This particular aspect is recognised to be dependent on various values as well as aims according to which the learning programs and policies are formulated

Work life balance “Don’t be fired by your family” Essay Example for Free

Work life balance â€Å"Don’t be fired by your family† Essay Best practice has shown that â€Å"both employees and employers can benefit when staff are able to adapt flexible work practices thereby enabling them to better manage their work and family responsibilities† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). In the end result this could increase employees productivity. â€Å"Supervisors have an important role in developing and maintaining a family-friendly work environment† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). â€Å"A supervisor could help creating this environment by flexibly organizing work arrangements and workloads taking into consideration certain factors such as night lecturing, summer schools, acting as a role model demonstrating understanding and acceptance of work family balance, and take a positive approach to negotiating flexible arrangements† (UQ, 2007, p. 1-2). 3. 2 Teleworking is good for business and employees Teleworking is another practice resulted in improving productivity. According to Business Legal Reports (2006), †teleworking has some benefits such as: relocation cost savings, increased productivity by reducing employees absentee, reduced costs for office space, and employee satisfaction† (p. 7). So, when supervisors consider benefiting from telework, they won’t only provide an improved work-life balance for the employee, but also they will get improved business performance for the employer. 3. 3 Other best practices 3. 3. 1 Concern for employee community (Employee Care Program and Employee Relations Program). This practice proved that it could reduce employees’ turnover. This kind of program â€Å"monitors how people are doing in their jobs and in their lives, offers rewards, gifts, annual picnic and holiday, flexible scheduling and telecommuting, and medical coverage. † 3. 3. 2 Encourage employees to take their vacations This practice is important to enable employees to relax enough to avoid stress, anxiety, emotional problems, job burnout in order to let employees perform at their optimum level. 3. 3. 3 Consumer-driven health care Textron, Inc is an example company that adopted this practice. The company â€Å"consolidated employee healthcare options and shifted to consumer-driven healthcare. This resulted in increased productivity, a significant decline in healthcare costs, and decrease in the casual absentee rates and the incidence of disability leave. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007b, p. 3) 2. Conducting Performance appraisals â€Å"Monitoring staff performance is a key for any supervisor. It should be part of on-going discussions with staff and volunteers about their work and the results obtained. † (Mathew, M. , 2007) According to Hays, S. W.(2004), â€Å"an immense amount of energy has recently been devoted to upgrading the quality of performance appraisals by tying them to organizational missions and goals. † (p. 262) 2. 1 Best practices for evaluation? According to Hays, S. W. (2004), best practices concerning evaluation showed that â€Å"HR experts agree that evaluations ought to (a) be based on objective and observable criteria, (b) involve mutual goal setting, (c) avoid the tendency to assess irrelevant worker traits, and (d) be tailored to each individual job and worker (rather than using one form for every employee). † 4. 2 360-Degree performance management feedback system According to Business Legal Reports (2006), â€Å"this system, which solicits feedback from boss, peers and direct reports if there are any, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. † (p. 4) â€Å"The 360 process allows for multiple points of view to be given on any given individual. It neutralizes what might otherwise be one rater’s bias (either positive or negative) and helps to paint a more comprehensive picture of that individual’s performance. † (p. 4) 4. 3 Other best practices Hays, S. W. (2004) also mentioned other best practices in conducting performance appraisals such as: â€Å"Employee Performance Management System (EPMS), 360-degree evaluation, Team-based evaluations, and Gainsharing. † (p. 262) 5 Resolving Conflict According to Vogel, A. (2007), â€Å"unproductive workplace conflict arises when appropriate communication breaks down. The result is wasted work time; a drop in motivation, productivity and quality of service; employee attrition; loss of authority; a stressful work environment; and even direct damage to the company. † 5. 1 The best approach to avoid â€Å"The best approach to workplace conflict is to avoid unproductive quarreling altogether. And suggested four strategies –mentioned by Daniel Dana- for eliminating strife: (1) address conflict early, (2) avoid a one-sided solution, (3) take risks such as apologizing, (4) respect others’ peace-making gestures. † (Vogel, A. , 2007) 5. 2 Guidelines for managing the situation. Vogel, A, (2007) mentioned some guidelines to help managing scuffles before they escalate into real crisis such as: mediating conflict between two employees, decide to mediate, hold preliminary meetings, conduct a three-way meeting, work out a deal, self-mediation, step outside your office, listen first, and finally manage diverging viewpoints. † 6 Improving Employee Relations 6. 1 Create a newsletter One practice to improve employee relations is to create a newsletter that works for employee communications either a printed one or an electronic one (by e-mail or on the website). 6. 2 Build a forum on your website or intranet This forum will provide an informal communication channel for employees to share their ideas, events or even their problems 6. 3 Create shared events Being a supervisor you could make some events shared even if you turn the routine group tasks into fun shared events. For example CMP Technology made the spring-cleaning records become an event. â€Å"Employees worked together in teams and competed to win a dinner for the team and discarded 12 tons of unnecessary paper in the process. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007a2) III. Conclusion. The main conclusion is that best practices can -for sure- help supervisors and enhance the way they deal with their responsibilities with employees by adopting approaches, techniques, and policies to create a positive, creative, and supportive work environment. Another conclusion is that information technology has an important role in providing effective HR practices. Finally, supervisors should be a model themselves for their employees in order to make a real change. References Bjomberg, L. (2002). Training and development: Best practices. Public Personnel Management. Winter 2002.International Public Management Association for Human Resources Survey. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/160542388_1. html Business Legal Reports, Inc. (2006). Top 10 Best Practices in HR Management for 2008. United States of America: Business Legal Reports, Inc. Business Legal Reports (2007a1). 10 Tips for HR to Boost Intranet Efficiency. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 1-2 Business Legal Reports (2007a2). ‘Bin There, Dump That’-Spring Cleaning Recors Becomes Event at CMP Technology. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 3 Business Legal Reports (2007b). Case study: Move to consumer-driven healthcare decreases costs, improves employee health. Best Practices in Compensation Benefits. (734), pp. 3 Collins, R. Druten, K. V. (2003). Survey of Australian and New Zealand Human Resource Practices, CCH and AGSM. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www2. agsm. edu. au/agsm/web. nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/CCHREPORT2003/$FILE/CCH+Final+2003. pdf Hays, S. W. (2004). Trends and Best Practices in State and Local Human Resource Management: Lessons to be learned? Review of Public Administration, 24(3), pp. 256-275, SAGE Publications. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://rop.sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/24/3/256 Mathew, M. (2007). Best Practices Module: Human resources management. British Columbia Museum Association. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. museumsassn. bc. ca/Images/Best%20Practices%20Modules%202/Human%20Resource%20Management%20FINAL. pdf Orsini, B. (2000). Improving Internal Communications. Internal Auditor. December 2000. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_6_57/ai_69759744/pg_1 Rubin, L. Merripen, C. (2003). IGDA Business Committee: Best practices in Human Resources. IGDA. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from.

Impact of HRM on Productivity

Impact of HRM on Productivity The impact of HRM practices and policies on employee productivity is a significant subject in the arena of human resource management, industrial relations and organizational psychology. The bulk of its work includes the rationale of utilization of High Performance Work Practices, boost up compensation and deliverance in the field of management systems and broader employee participation and training, can better the knowledge, enhance their urge/motivation, decrease avoiding work and improve retaining of quality employees while boosting up idler to quit the organization. Most of the logic given in the related research topics shows this fact that firm present and prospective human resources are pivotal considerations in the development and completion of its tactical business plan. Although the bulk of this literature is theoretical, concludes that human resource management usage can assist to develop a source of long term competitive benefit, especially when they are associated with a firms viable stratagem. I both this largely hypothetical literature and the rising traditional acumen among human resource professionals there is a emergent agreement that organizational human resource tactic may, if adequately arrange in a particular way, present a vivid/direct and inexpensively noteworthy contribution to firm capability. The assumption is that more effective systems of HRM practices, which at the same time use the potential for complementarities or synergies among such practices and help to implement a firms competitive strategy, are sources of sustained competitive advantage. Unluckily, very little pragmatic evidence assists such a notion. What empirical work does exist has largely focused on individual HRM practices to the exclusion of overall HRM systems. 1.2: Background A number of researchers have reported that HR practices are positively linked with organizational and employee productivity or performance. The focus and thrust of these studies have been towards developed countries. Little research has been done to test the HR-performance link in developing countries like Pakistan. Aycan et al. (2000) termed Pakistan as under-researched country in the field of HRM practices. The present study is an attempt to test the relationship between HR practices and employee productivity or performance in Nestle Pakistan Limited, in this situation it is important to find out the determinants which can enhance the employees productivity in an organization. The objective of this research is to facilitate the decision makers in an organization to follow the HRM practices which can improve the productivity of employees. The present study could be helpful to human resource managers of public and private sector organizations in Pakistan for formulation and development of HRM practices that will ensure high level of employees productivity resulting in increased achievement of an organization. To evaluate employee productivity as sanctioned by human resource management practice, as HRM practices have significant impact on employee outcomes particular on the productivity. Support for predictions that impact of HR practices on employee productivity, linking to the HR system focused on human capital enhancement was directly related to multiple dimensions of operational performance such as employee productivity, machine efficiency and customer alignment. Hypotheses will be derived from resource-based perspective on strategy. Positive and significant effects on employee productivity are found for organizations that utilize more sophisticated human resource planning, recruitment and selection strategies. The need to examine the output effects of original service practices using data from model of Nestle Pakistan Limited employees of diverse departments, efficiency regressions demonstrate set of creative work practices, which include motivational pay, teams, pleasant work assignm ents, employment safety measures and training, achieve significantly higher levels of yield which includes slight job definitions, stringent work rules and hourly pay with close management. Most of the literature on HRM activities has presumed that employee productivity affects the success and effectiveness of HRM activities. 1.3: Objectives Determining use of productivity in comparison to performance and recognize productivity level on work performance Finding out employee productivity impact from HRM based functions Relating to several theories and applications of HRM practices in accordance to employee productivity The aim of the proposed study is to explore the relationship between HRM practices and employee productivity. The researcher will try to answer two questions, i.e., How do Human Resource Management (HRM) practices affects Employee productivity? And how an organization can improve its productivity through effective HRM practices? The present research will be conducted through survey questionnaire technique. The questions will be close ended with five point Likert type scale. For calculation and manipulation on the primary data, statistical tools will be used. In this research, Nestle Pakistan Limited a food processor, one of the largest organization in Pakistan will be the target population. In order to select the sample, non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used. The sample will contain 100 respondents including both male and female. This research will be of quantitative type because the quantitative research is more result oriented than qualitative research. The pr esent research will be applicable in almost all areas private and public sectors because it identifies the basic key i.e. Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and employee productivity. Problem statement What is the problem? There are many and varied reasons why managers are continually under distress in organization. Resources, human and material, technology are but a few issues confronting managers daily. More importantly the human aspect has questions that have perplexed and fascinated managers for a long time. These questions include: How can they improve the performance of their employees? Which factors make some employees better productivity in their jobs than others? What makes some employees perform better than others? There are no easy answers to these questions, yet they plague managers in their day-to-day running of organizations. The reality is that the level of employee motivation affects their morale, performance and overall job satisfaction. Research question and research objective Research questions How an organization can improve its productivity through effective HRM practices. How does HRM practice effect employee productivity? Hypothesis Human Resource Management Practices are positively correlated to Employees productivity. H1: Selection is positively correlated to Employees productivity. H2: Training impacts Employees Performance positively. H3: Performance appraisal is positively correlated to Employees Performance. H4: Career planning is positively correlated to Employees Performance. Scope and Limitations of research Scope Scope of the current research study is limited to the Nestle Pakistan Limited. The current study touches those recruitment areas of private sector organization which are still neglected, but have its own importance. The proposed study will throw light on such hiring areas to improve the efficiency of the employees of Nestle Pakistan Limited will increase. The results of the present study will be able to be implemented in the private sector organizations well. Limitations The research study will must have to be completed in November 2010. Time limit is a critical factor because it will have to complete with the normal job routine. Respondents may not be able to respond properly because of their tight schedule. Respondents may not have the proper knowledge about the variables and their relationship which are under study. Personal likeness and dislike-ness of the respondents may create biasness in the study. Respondents may feel hesitation while attempting the questionnaire and may produce ambiguous results. Conceptual framework of research In the past Human resource management (HRM), was known as personnel management, which includes all the activities performed by an organization to make sure the efficient employment of employees towards the accomplishment of individual, group, and organizational objectives. A firms HRM working concentrates upon the people side of administration. It is made of usages which help the company to deal efficiently with its people throughout the different steps of the employment cycle, as well as pre-hire, recruitment, and post-hire. The pre-hire step includes planning tactics. The business must take this decision that what types of job initiation will survive in the future period and focus the required qualifications for performing these jobs. During the hiring steps, the organization chooses its employees. As for as the selection criteria techniques are concerned they include recruiting applicants, judging their diploma, and finally choosing those who are deserved to be the most competent. In the post-hire phase, the business makes HRM policies for efficiently managing persons once they have come to them. These techniques are formed to enhance the performance and contentment levels of employees by giving them with the required knowledge and capabilities to fulfil their job assignments and by developing such occasions that will boost up their energy, guide and help the employees in their efforts to meeting the businesss goals. HRM practices and implementation There is always HR department in a firm which implements its policies and the responsibilities of this department are associated with HR professionals and line managers. The interaction b/w managers and HR professionals guide them to make efficient and productive HRM policies. Firms success depends upon the performance of its worker and methodology of its appraisal method. HR professionals originate the system, while managers present the criteria to judge the standards of making performance evaluations in their right perspective. As far as the nature of these roles is concerned they vary from company to company making its dependence on the size of the business. This conversation presumes large company with highly developed HRM department. Similarly, in small companies without extended HRM departments, line managers must presume an even greater role in efficient HRM practices. HR professionals commonly presume the following four areas of obligations: establishing HRM policies and measures, developing/choosing HRM methods, monitoring/evaluating HRM practices, and advising/assisting managers on HRM-related matters. HR professionals usually make the decision (subject to upper-management approval) what actions to follow when imposing HRM policies. For example, HR professionals may decide that the selection procedure should include having all applicants (1) complete an application (2) give an employment test, and then (3) be ready for the interviewed by an HR professional and line manager. Generally the HR professionals adopt specific methods to implement a firms HRM policies. For example, in selection the HR professional may presume the application empty, develop a prearranged interview guide, or select an employment test. HR professionals also make ensure that the firms HRM practices are adequately implemented. Evaluating and monitoring are involved in this obligation. For example, HR professionals may evaluate the usefulness of employment tests, the success of training programs, and the cost effectiveness of HRM outcomes such as selection, turnover, and recruiting. They also may monitor records to ensure that performance appraisals have been properly completed. HR professionals also consult with management on an array of HRM-related topics. They may assist by providing managers with formal training programs on topics like selection and the law, how to conduct an employment interview, how to appraise employee job performance, or how to effectively discipline employees. HR professionals also provide assistance by giving line managers advice about specific HRM-related concerns, such as how to deal with problem employees. The development of HRM procedures and methods often requires input from line managers. For example, when conducting a job analysis, HR professionals often seek job information from managers and ask managers to review the final written product. Additionally, when HR professionals determine an organizations training needs, managers often suggest what types of training are needed and who, in particular, needs the training. Significance of the study The proposed study is directly related to the human resource management (HRM) practices and its related effects on an organization. A positive or negative correlation will be created between the variables of the HRM practices and employee productivity and performance with in the target population i.e., Nestle Pakistan Limited. The impeding significance of the research can be found at the ideal composition of research of how it can go or not go beyond the scope of research as the research findings could be at most useful in terms of instilling awareness to HR personnel and other involved parties that it is important to have right amount of productivity adhering to performance, research is significant in providing ample basis towards theory and conceptual sense of HR ways, productivity level as well as application and accepting HR practices research and development as reference tool. The proposed study will also attract the attention of the management of the private sector organization to reduce the rate of turnover of the contractual employees. The present study will also highlight the importance of good and satisfactory HRM practices in saving the time of management and the co-workers. The findings of the study will help the organization to improve the productivity and efficiency of employee and provide a speedy start up for the new employees, save the time, reduce start up cost, minimize the anxiety and reduce the turnover of contractual employee in a private sector organization. The study will also help the organization to optimize the abilities of the employees and assign the responsibilities accordingly. In this way the organization will be able to achieve its objectives in a better cost effective way by making a confident and strong workforce. The findings and recommendations will be proof more effective through out the organization. LITERATURE REVIEW HRM practices and productivity of employees Guest (2002) has argued that the Impact of HRM on performance depends upon workers response to HRM practices, so the impact will move in direction of the perception of HRM practices by the employee. Wood (1999) and Guest (2002) has stressed that a competent, committed and highly involved work force is the one required for best implementation of business strategy. Huselid (1995) have found that the effectiveness of employees will depend on impact of HRM on behavior of the employees. Patterson et al (1997) while discussing impact of people management practices on business performance has argued that HR practices in selection and training influence performance by providing appropriate skills. Their research has found that HR practices have powerful impact on performance even if measured as productivity. Huselid (1995) stressed that by adopting best practices in selection, inflow of best quality of skill set will be inducted adding value to skills inventory of the organization. He also stressed on importance of training as complement of selection practices through which the organizational culture and employee behavior can be aligned to produce positive results. Cooke (2000) has included efficiency and effectiveness as ingredients of performance apart from competitiveness and productivity. He or she further argued that training is the tool to develop knowledge and skills as means of increasing individuals performance (efficiency and effectiveness). Singh (2004), whose observations are more relevant in our cultural context, argues that compensation is a behavior aligning mechanism of employees with business strategy of the firm. Career planning is a tool that aligns strategy with future HR needs and encourages employee to strive for his personal development (William et al, 1996). By increasing employee participation, the firm will benefit from increase in productivity of the employee due to increased commitment of the employee. Financial participation schemes were more beneficial for the organizations than the associated cost (Summers Hyman, 2005). Use of best HR practices shows a stronger association with firms productivity in high growth industry (Datta et al, 2003). This finding has significance in our case as we have shown that the telecom sector of Pakistan is a high growth industry. Wright et al (2003) have argued that an employee will exert discretionary effort if proper performance management system is in place and is supported by compensation system linked with the performance management system. Job definition is combination of job description and job specification. It clearly outlines duties, responsibilities, working conditions and expected skills of an individual performing that job (Qureshi M Tahir, 2006). Ichniowski (1995) while observing productivity of steel workers have found that complementary HR practice System effects workers performance. Majority of previous research has verified significant relationship between HR practices and Employee Outcomes (Sels, 2006) Collins (2005) in a research of similar nature targeting small business have found that effective HR practices impact employee outcomes significantly (employee outcomes used by them were different than ours). A research was conducted by Mr. Tahir Masood Qureshi (2006) regarding Impact of HR p ractices on organizational performance in Pakistan. His findings were supportive of our assumption that HR practice system effect Organizational Performance through employee outcomes. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Methodology The present research will be a survey type cross sectional quantitative research. The research methodology will be as follows: Research population In the given research study, the population will be all employees of Nestle Pakistan Limited. The number of female staff in the population will be very small but their efficiency of work is greatly affected. Research sample The sample will consist of both males and female, upper, middle and lower level staff from the target population. According to the designations of the respondents their qualifications, professional experience, age will vary. Sample size The sample will contain 100 respondents including both male and female. Type of research This research will be of quantitative type because the quantitative research is more result oriented than qualitative research. Sampling technique In order to select the sample from the target population i.e. Nestle Pakistan Limited Non-probability convenience (purposive) sampling technique will be used. Questionnaire A questionnaire will be designed to collect the necessary information. The questions type will be close ended. A cover letter highlighting the purpose of the study and instructions to fill in the questionnaire and a demographic data sheet will be prepared and attached with the questionnaire as well. DATA ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION Available research software and manual calculation will be uses while making analysis on the data collected for the proposed research study if needed. Statistical and arithmetical formulae will be applied as per demand and need of the study. Statistical tables and graphical representations will also be drawn. FINDNIGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Findings In order to achieve the basic purposes and objectives of the proposed research study, research findings based on data analysis will be discussed generally and specifically. Conclusion Conclusion will be constructed after analysis. Recommendations At the end finally Recommendations will be given for further improvements. Research Plan and Time Schedule Time is an important element of any research design, to measure the time span.

The Spanish Influenza in Missouri :: Journalism St. Louis, Missouri Health Essays

The Spanish Influenza in Missouri Reports of the Spanish Influenza continue to bombard us from St. Louis, Missouri, as inhabitants of that fine city take many precautions to safeguard themselves and their families against this incendiary malady currently sweeping our great nation. At a time of war when our country needs our strength the most it is important that we fight this Influenza head on, taking whatever actions necessary to eradicate it from our fine shores. Let us take a page from St. Louis's book on how to prevent this illness from spreading. Culling through the pages of this fine publication you may notice many advertisements for products meant to maintain the health of your loved ones. Things to help them look and feel their best. Instructions and products for ridding oneself of dandruff or bleaching one's freckles with lemon juice abound--helping you, dear readers, to be your best! Most importantly [there are] prescriptions for how to keep your family healthy, and to avoid catching the Spanish Influenza that has the very city of St. Louis in its fiery grips! One of the most common preventatives are powders or liquids meant to cleanse the bowels of impurities which leave your body tired and open to infection by this dastardly plague. Also for your little ones who do not enjoy the tastes of medicines are Cascarets, delicious candy-like drops that cure children of biliousness and sour stomach. As we all know, purging one's system of impurities is a medical miracle that has been long-held and used to restore the healt h of many from early times in western Europe. However, there are drawbacks to using medicines as a preventative against the Influenza epidemic. Why, just yesterday the Water Commissioner answered complaints from the citizens of St. Louis who complained that "the water tastes like medicine." The water, he explained, is not being treated in any different fashion, but that "an unusually large number of people are taking medicine and its lingering taste might be attributed by some to the water." By October 3, earlier this year influenza had been reported in 43 states. It was at this time that St. Louis's Health Society Head, Dr. Evans, urged any members of the community with ailments as minor as the common cold to cover their mouths upon sneezing, and to please cover their faces with a hankie when in public. The Spanish Influenza in Missouri :: Journalism St. Louis, Missouri Health Essays The Spanish Influenza in Missouri Reports of the Spanish Influenza continue to bombard us from St. Louis, Missouri, as inhabitants of that fine city take many precautions to safeguard themselves and their families against this incendiary malady currently sweeping our great nation. At a time of war when our country needs our strength the most it is important that we fight this Influenza head on, taking whatever actions necessary to eradicate it from our fine shores. Let us take a page from St. Louis's book on how to prevent this illness from spreading. Culling through the pages of this fine publication you may notice many advertisements for products meant to maintain the health of your loved ones. Things to help them look and feel their best. Instructions and products for ridding oneself of dandruff or bleaching one's freckles with lemon juice abound--helping you, dear readers, to be your best! Most importantly [there are] prescriptions for how to keep your family healthy, and to avoid catching the Spanish Influenza that has the very city of St. Louis in its fiery grips! One of the most common preventatives are powders or liquids meant to cleanse the bowels of impurities which leave your body tired and open to infection by this dastardly plague. Also for your little ones who do not enjoy the tastes of medicines are Cascarets, delicious candy-like drops that cure children of biliousness and sour stomach. As we all know, purging one's system of impurities is a medical miracle that has been long-held and used to restore the healt h of many from early times in western Europe. However, there are drawbacks to using medicines as a preventative against the Influenza epidemic. Why, just yesterday the Water Commissioner answered complaints from the citizens of St. Louis who complained that "the water tastes like medicine." The water, he explained, is not being treated in any different fashion, but that "an unusually large number of people are taking medicine and its lingering taste might be attributed by some to the water." By October 3, earlier this year influenza had been reported in 43 states. It was at this time that St. Louis's Health Society Head, Dr. Evans, urged any members of the community with ailments as minor as the common cold to cover their mouths upon sneezing, and to please cover their faces with a hankie when in public.

Alcoholism is a Disease Essay -- essays research papers

Alcoholism has been a problem throughout the history of humanity, a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with burdens, problems, and debts. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughout the United States and the World. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, progressive and often fatal; it is a disorder and not due to other diseases or emotional problems. Many scientists have tried to define what Alcoholism is, and what this disease may be rooted from. Some people would argue that alcoholism is simply the over-consumption of alcohol, this statement is only somewhat true. An alcoholic is a person who relies on alcohol as a medium to help him or her deal with physical, emotional, or spiritual needs. To understand alcoholism, it must first be understood what this affliction is dependent on. Alcohol is a substance that is made by the fermentation of fruits, grains, or miscellaneous other organic materials. The chemical, alcohol, is a depressant and acts on every cell in the human body. Due to this, the central nervous system, along with the pleasure centers of the brain, are affected resulting in a feeling of euphoria and a sense of well being. After repeated exposure, the brain becomes dependent on this drug to unburden itself whenever it feels the compulsion. Several factors that contribute to alcoholism are the individual’s psychology, genetics, culture, and the individual’s response to physical pain. In order to understand alcoholism, we must first de...

Stakeholders Influence

Stakeholders are all those who need to be considered in achieving project goals and whose participation and support are crucial to its success. Stakeholder analysis identifies all primary and secondary stakeholders who have a vested interest in the issues with which the project or policy is concerned. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders should be addressed in a project plan, policy, program, or other action. The goal of a stakeholder is to develop a strategic view of the human and institutional landscape, and the relationships between the different stakeholders and the issues they care about most. Working with your key stakeholders to flesh out unambiguous and measurable objectives will set your program off on the right track. Stakeholders provide opportunities to further align business practices with societal needs and expectations, helping to drive long-term sustainability and shareholder value. Stakeholder s is intended to help the practitioners fully realize the benefits of stakeholder engagement in their organization, to compete in an increasingly complex and ever-changing business environment, while at the same time bringing about systemic change towards sustainable development. Far West Elementary school is located in Far West in New Hampshire, which is a large metropolitan area with 2 million residents. Far West has a population of 30,000. Far West Elementary School has a student population of 700, 30% of the student having relocated from Asian countries within the last two years. Most of the student’s families are moving into the community to take advantage of the low income housing and are comforted by the presence of similar cultures. Many of the new residents have limited English writing, reading, and speaking skills. The school mission is work together as a team to promote responsibility, self esteem, and achievement that will last for a lifetime. The goal of the school is to maintain a safe and caring public school for the children, staff and the community by teaching good character throughout the school. The needs and expectations of the groups in terms of Far West Elementary School is very important because we want to promote responsibility, self esteem, and academic achievement where differenced are valued and learning is a lifelong goal. Children- The program of study for English at stage 1 aims to develop children’s independent and confident use of language in all its different forms in order to explore extend and allow reflection upon their experiences. As they develop as language users at stage 2, children learn to adapt their speaking, reading and writing to different situations, purposes and audiences across a range of genres, and learn to engage with more sophisticated layers of meaning. They also learn how language works. Parents – Parents obviously need the training to be able to help their children to work on learning the English language. It will be good for the parents to participate in the class because they will learn both stages as well. This will help the parents interact with the teachers as well as helping their children at home with homework assignments. Instructors – The instructors play an important part in the whole program. It’s the instructor responsibility is to make sure the children as well as the parents get the proper training. Being open and willing to learn about their students is a key component of teachers' learning. But this does not mean simply reading a book on cultural differences or adding a unit on different family traditions. Although these can be helpful activities, they may do little to inform teachers about the students in their classrooms. They need support of administrators and policymakers, who nowadays sometimes treat teachers as little more than test givers. Teachers also need the support of the general public. The funding institution that will fit Far West Elementary School program is called Fund for the Improvement of Education. This program supports significant program within a school. They administer grants and contracts to improve elementary and secondary education to meet state academic achievement standards. They also offer 3 million for a Teacher to Teacher Initiative that will help teachers of critical need language. If needed they also offer Teach for America, which recruit and train college graduates in communities what really need the help. Their goal is to improve the quality of education, assist all content standards, and contribute to the achievement of the elementary students. What’s also included in the program is a set curriculum that the instructor will have to go by to teach the students and parents. This will give the instructors the opportunity to be able to work towards certification or licensed for bilingual teaching. Even thought the instructors are getting the training, they will still able to start the program at least one a week until their training is over so they can learn and teach at the same time. The finding institution will also handle of cost of the training and the program for the students. The program includes the costs books for the instructors, children, and parents. To be able to continue to training for the program they have to report monthly reports for the institution so they can see how the program slowly falling into place. The funding institution will attempt to determine whether the program as implemented does what it is intended to do for the students and it is this determination of a true program that will impact the evaluation from other assessment. This program will make a big impact on the school because they will be teaching the targeted children including their parents the fundamentals of English language. The children who are in the program will get a chance to participate in other activities within the school and will also help them communicate with other in their neighborhood. This will also help the parents interact with others in the community, help children with their homework, build an relationship with the teachers, and will also help them look for jobs as well. Find for the Improvement of Education will help the school reach a higher level within the state. That will help increase more funds to help the school and if more Asian students come into the community. Reference Page Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education. Retrieved March 29, 2010.. http://www. ed. psu. edu/Englishpds/inquiry/projects/gore04. htm Improve-Education. org. Retrieved March 29, 2010.. www. ed. psu. edu/Englishpds/inquiry/projects/gore04. htm Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success.. Retrieved March 29, 2010 http://www. boxesandarrows. com/view/understanding_organizational_stakeholders_for_design_success

Apple a Day Keeps a Doctor Away

Pet a Day Keep the Doctor Away! INTRODUCTION: A. Attention-Getter: They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, but how much better would you feel if the apple was being presented to you by a cute dog or cat? B. Tie to the audience in this persuasive speech topics outline: If someone that you care about is dealing with encroaching old age, spending some time with an undemanding, loving animal can be something that is important for you in more ways than one. C. Personal experience: For example, my granddad was in dire straits after my granny died.After thirtyfive years together, he didn't know what to do with himself until he ended up adopting an older Labrador Retriever. The change was immense, and suddenly we had a familyman who was interested in the world around him and reaching out again. The change was amazing! D. Thesis Sentence of this persuasive speech topics outline: Pets make an impressive positive change in the mental and physical health, and if you are concerned wit h the issue personally, consider the health benefit potentials for a beloved older person in your life. E.Preview of the main points of this persuasive speech topics outline: First, I will discuss the ways an animal is capable of making an elder person feel connected to the world at large. Then, I will show how the company of a loving cat or a dog makes the difference in a person's mental and physical outlook. And then, I'll tell you what to keep in mind when you are considering what pet might be appropriate for someone in your family. Transition sentence of persuasive speech topics outline: As people get older, there is very much a concern of not being needed.BODY OF THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH TOPICS OUTLINE MAIN POINT I: A human-companion animal is capable of making the elderly feel connected to the world at large. 1. Elderly people who have had their adult children leave home and who have lost spouses often find that it is difficult to connect with other people and because of this, th ey end up feeling a great deal more introverted and isolated. 2. Pets can make a huge difference when it comes to how well they cope with change and how they react to the world. An animal will depend on them, and give them that essential feeling of being needed again. . Elderly people also often find that they are living their lives without much tactile contact. Spouses might have passed on, and they might not be comfortable looking for tactile comfort from the people around them. This is where dogs and cats come in. 4. Cats and dogs love physical contact, and because of this, they are willing to go seeking it. A cat may love to sit in your lap or to sit down next to you for petting or you may find that a dog loves to roll around with and sit leaned up next to your legs†¦Transition sentence of this persuasive speech topics outline: Elderly people often develop feelings of being unloved or lonely; an animal who is concerned with them and who loves them can make a huge difference in the way that they feel. MAIN POINT II: Pets can help improving their mental health; animals seem wonderfully intuitive when it comes to responding to how their humans feel. 1. A cat or a dog, especially one that is closely bonded to you, can feel in tune with your emotions. If you have ever been upset and had an animal come to cuddle you or to check on you, you know how soothing this can be.Rhetorical persuasive speech topics outline questions: o Have you ever felt more relaxed when a cat walks up and demands to be petted? o Have you ever not been able to resist a smile when a dog comes up and wants to play? These feelings are not merely happening in isolation. 2. There are plenty of scientific studies that show us that having pets around can lower the blood pressure and help us relax. When you think about how many elderly people are often beset by feelings of stress and how this can lead to things like heart disease or impaired functioning: looking into how pets can help is ess ential! . Pets are company that is very low stress and the truth is that when you give them what they need, they reciprocate with a great deal of love and joy! At the most basic level, pets can be very non demanding company. When you mess up, they are willing to forgive you, and they do not ask for much. They need food, attention and care, but they are not going to ask for things that you cannot give them. Transition sentence of this persuasive speech topics outline: If you're interested in making sure that a beloved older person stays active and social, it is time to take a look and see what a pet can do.